Regulation Investigatory Powers Act 2000

The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA) regulates the way in which investigations are carried out by public authorities. For example, Trading Standards are authorised and entitled to carry out Part II of the Act which includes:

Directed Surveillance – which is covert but not intrusive

Covert Surveillance – any which can be intrusive

Examples of Directed Surveillance

This type of surveillance may be used to gather evidence for an offence such as a breach of the Trademarks Act. An Investigating Officer may need to carry out surveillance of a suspect's home to obtain information about their contacts and work patterns.

This would be directed surveillance as it would result in obtaining private information. A RIPA authorisation should be obtained. The Investigating Officer would need to demonstrate that such surveillance was necessary and proportionate.

Investigating Officers can apply for surveillance for consideration by an authorised nominated Senior Officer who can grant or refuse the application as appropriate. To carry out surveillance in each case, officers need to consider the action was necessary, proportionate, no other legal means were possible and collateral intrusion minimised.  Officers are trained in this process. The records are kept in accordance with the RIPA Codes of Practice to adhere to the Act, centrally and by the Unit making it. The authorisations are regularly reviewed and have time limits of three months and cease after that, unless renewed or cancelled depending on the investigation.

An authorisation may be sought under RIPA for the use of a covert human intelligence source (a "CHIS".)

Examples of the use of a CHIS

If an Investigating Officer wishes to use a neighbour to question an individual about the activities carried on at a site which is subject to enforcement action, this may amount to the use of a covert human intelligence source.

If a person elects to keep records of the activities at the site, that would not be likely to amount to the use of a CHIS as the person concerned would not have established a relationship with the subject of the surveillance for the purpose of carrying out that surveillance. 

Redbridge Council uses all powers at its disposal to investigate fraud and criminal matters. The powers under RIPA have only been used after careful consideration and strictly in accordance with the act. The use of these powers has resulted in a number of successful conclusions to benefit fraud and criminal investigations.

We have summarised the outcomes of the Authorisations issued by the Authority since January 2005.